<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>AeroMetric</origin>
        <pubdate>20130122</pubdate>
        <title>State of Kansas Area 3 Bare Earth Tile BE_15STD5060</title>
        <geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>This task order is for planning, acquisition, processing, and derivative products of LiDAR data to be collected for a portion of Area 3 in the state of Kansas. LiDAR data and derivative products produced in compliance with this task order are part of the data to be obtained under Contract number 00036574 with Kansas Department of Administration.  Specifications listed below are based on National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP) and the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) and Other High Quality Digital Topography.  This collection specification was collected with a nominal pulse spacing of 1.4 meters.  AeroMetric and its vendors used twin engine fixed wing aircraft equipped with Optech ALTM Gemini or Leica ALS70 LiDAR systems in the acquisition of this LiDAR data. The airborne GPS and IMU data were processed immediately following each mission. In addition, a sample of the LiDAR data was post-processed at the completion of each mission and the data was reviewed to ensure planned data quality and coverage.</abstract>
      <purpose>The Kansas Information Technology Office (KITO) and the Kansas Department of Administration tasked the collection and processing of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, along with derivative products, for use in conservation planning, design, research, floodplain mapping, wetlands identification, dam safety assessments, hydrologic modeling, and subsidence monitoring.

Data delivered in NAD 83/HARN Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15N, NAVD88 GEOID09 Meters</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <sngdate>
          <caldate>20120115</caldate>
        </sngdate>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>ground condition</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>complete</progress>
      <update>unknown</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>
-95.90321559480
        </westbc>
        <eastbc>
-95.84339147840
        </eastbc>
        <northbc>
39.39830079200
        </northbc>
        <southbc>
39.35473649460
        </southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>None</themekt>
        <themekey>Light Detection and Ranging</themekey>
        <themekey>LiDAR</themekey>
        <themekey>Bare Earth</themekey>
        <themekey>DEM</themekey>
        <themekey>Breaklines</themekey>
        <themekey>Geodatabase</themekey>
        <themekey>Classified</themekey>
        <themekey>Point Cloud</themekey>
        <themekey>LAS</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>None</placekt>
        <placekey>US</placekey>
        <placekey>Area3</placekey>
        <placekey>Kansas</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>None</accconst>
    <useconst>None.</useconst>
    <datacred>AEROMETRIC</datacred>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <attracc>
      <attraccr>The Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) of data for the Kansas project achieved the following:
        
Area 3 - Northeast
The Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) of the Classified Bare Earth files all achieved 0.150 meters at a 95% confidence level with an RMSE of 0.077 meters.  Fifty-two (52) 'open terrain' survey control points were tested against the Triangulated Integrated Network (TIN).
      
The Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) of the Bare Earth DEM files all achieved 0.152 meters at a 95% confidence level with an RMSE of 0.078 meters.  Fifty-two (52) 'open terrain' survey control points were tested against the DEM.

The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Hard Surface/Urban achieved 0.156 meters at the 95th Percentile.   52 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.

The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Low Grass achieved 0.128 meters at the 95th Percentile.   52 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Tall Grass achieved 0.156 meters at the 95th Percentile.   52 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Woods achieved 0.153 meters at the 95th Percentile.   52 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
The Consolidated Vertical Accuracy (CVA) results for all Land Cover Classes combined achieved 0.153 meters at the 95th Percentile, 208 checkpoints were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
      
Area 3 - Butler County
The Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) of the Classified Bare Earth files all achieved is 0.108 meters at a 95% confidence level with an RMSE of 0.055 meters.  Eighteen (18) 'open terrain' survey control points were tested against the Triangulated Integrated Network (TIN).
      
The Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) of the Bare Earth DEM files all achieved is 0.115 meters at a 95% confidence level with an RMSE of 0.059 meters.  Eighteen (18) 'open terrain' survey control points were tested against the DEM.

The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Hard Surface/Urban achieved 0.122 meters at the 95th Percentile.   18 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.

The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Low Grass achieved 0.136 meters at the 95th Percentile.   18 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Tall Grass achieved 0.103 meters at the 95th Percentile.   18 points were used to assess this category against the DEM .
      
The Consolidated Vertical Accuracy (CVA) results for all Land Cover Classes combined achieved 0.126 meters at the 95th Percentile, 54 checkpoints were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
      
Area 3 - Southeast
The Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) of the Classified Bare Earth files achieved 0.147 meters at a 95% confidence level with an RMSE of 0.075 meters.  Twenty-nine (29) 'open terrain' survey control points were tested against the Triangulated Integrated Network (TIN).

The Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) of the Bare Earth DEM files achieved 0.145 meters at a 95% confidence level with an RMSE of 0.074 meters.  Twenty-nine (29) 'open terrain' survey control points were tested against the DEM.

The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Hard Surface/Urban achieved 0.135 meters at the 95th Percentile.   29 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Low Grass achieved 0.164 meters at the 95th Percentile.   29 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Tall Grass achieved 0.145 meters at the 95th Percentile.   31 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
The Supplemental Vertical Accuracy (SVA) results for Woods achieved 0.173 meters at the 95th Percentile.   31 points were used to assess this category against the DEM.
      
The Consolidated Vertical Accuracy (CVA) results for all Land Cover Classes combined achieved 0.162 meters at the 95th Percentile, 120 checkpoints were used to assess this category against the DEM.</attraccr>
    </attracc>
    <logic>None</logic>
    <complete>Complete</complete>
    <posacc>
      <horizpa>
        <horizpar>The portion of Area 3 in Kansas was acquired in sixty-two (62) missions.  The 25,117 square kilometers of data was acquired at 2400 meters above ground level (AGL) and has a horizontal accuracy of 0.44 meters (per manufacturers system specifications).</horizpar>
      </horizpa>
      <vertacc>
        <vertaccr>The Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) of the Classified Bare Earth for the area 3 in Kansas data set achieved 12.5 cm (95% confidence level less than 24.5cm) in the "Open Terrain" land cover category.</vertaccr>
      </vertacc>
    </posacc>
    <lineage>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>AeroMetric</origin>
            <pubdate>20120525</pubdate>
            <title>Aerial Acquisition of Kansas LiDAR Area 3</title>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>External Hard Drive</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20120115</begdate>
              <enddate>20120418</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Ground Condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Aerial LiDAR Acquisition</srccitea>
        <srccontr>AeroMetric collected LiDAR data using a twin engine fixed-wing aircraft with either an Optech Gemini LiDAR system or a Leica ALS-70 system for Area 3, Kansas.  LiDAR data was captured at a 1.4 meter point spacing at 2400 meters AGL.  The entire flight acquisition was completed from January 2012 to April 2012.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Keystone Aerial Surveys</origin>
            <pubdate>20120525</pubdate>
            <title>Aerial Acquisition of Kansas LiDAR Area 3</title>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>External Hard Drive</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20120117</begdate>
              <enddate>20120130</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Ground Condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Keystone Aerial LiDAR Acquisition</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Keystone Aerial Surveys collected LiDAR data using a Cessna C320 twin engine fixed-wing aircraft with an Optech Gemini LiDAR system in Area 3, Kansas.  LiDAR data was captured at a 1.4 meter point spacing at 2400 meters AGL.  The entire flight acquisition was completed from January 17, 2012 to January 30, 2012.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Aero-Metric, Inc.</origin>
            <pubdate>20120525</pubdate>
            <title>Ground Control for Kansas Area 3</title>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>electronic mail system</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20120124</begdate>
              <enddate>20120421</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Ground Condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Ground Control</srccitea>
        <srccontr>AeroMetric established ground control for Area 3 in Kansas.  GPS was used to establish the control network.  The horizontal datum was North American Datum of 1983 / High Accuracy Reference Network (NAD 83/HARN). The vertical datum was the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>The LiDAR data was captured using a twin engine fixed wing aircraft equipped with an Optech ALTM Gemini LiDAR system or a Leica ALS70 LiDAR system.  This system consists of Airborne Global Position System (ABGPS), inertial measurement unit (IMU), and raw laser scans.  The ABGPS collects XYZ coordinates of the laser sensor and the IMU calibrates the orientation of the aircraft.  During flight, laser pulses are reflected from features on the surface and system collects this data.  The acquired LiDAR data went through a preliminary review to assure that complete coverage was obtained and to ensure that there were no data gaps.  Once the data is received in the office, data is run through a complete iteration of processing to make sure data is complete, uncorrupted, and there are no data voids between flight lines.  
        
The Acquisition parameters for the Kansas Area 3: Flying Height - 2400 meters above ground level (AGL), Swath Width - 38 degrees, Sidelap - 50 percent, and the Nominal Point Spacing - 1.4 meters

The essential three (3) steps in processing of LiDAR: 1) GPS/IMU Processing - Airborne GPS and IMU data is processed by using base stations.  In lieu of base stations, a new sophisticated processing software created by TerraTec called TerraPOS was utilized.  TerraPOS is able to create a solution which permits GPS processing without the use of GPS base stations.  TerraPOS provides statistical accuracy to evaluate the integrity of the GPS solution.  The GPS solution is incorporated with the IMU which will result in a final trajectory.  This ensures the integrity of all the mission data.  The results were also used to perform the initial LiDAR system calibration test.  2) Raw LiDAR Data Processing - Analysts process the raw data to LAS format to a full resolution output.  A starting configuration file was used in the process, which contains the latest calibration parameters for the sensor.  The analyst generates the flight line trajectories for each flight line during this process.  3)  Verification of Coverage and Data Quality - Analysts check swath flight line data to ensure completeness of acquisition for the flight lines, calibration lines, and cross flight lines.  Intensity images are generated for the entire lift at the required post spacing for the project.  The analyst will visually check the intensity image against the project boundary to ensure full coverage and thoroughly reviews data for any gaps.  The analyst will generate a few sample TIN surfaces to ensure no anomalies were present in the data.  Any turbulence that affects the quality of data, the flight line was rejected causing the data to be reflown.  The analyst will also evaluate the achieved post spacing against the project specified post spacing.

GPS and IMU processing software:  
TerraTec TerraPOS version 2.099b2, Applanix version 4.4, Leica's IPASS TC GNSS/INS version 3.10

Point cloud processing software
Optech's Dashmap version 5.20, Leica's LAS Post-Processor version 2.01.02</procdesc>
        <srcused>Raw LiDAR Data</srcused>
        <procdate>20120430</procdate>
        <srcprod>Verified LiDAR Data</srcprod>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntorgp>
              <cntorg>AeroMetric</cntorg>
              <cntper>Brad Nelson</cntper>
            </cntorgp>
            <cntpos>LiDAR Analyst IV</cntpos>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
              <address>4020 Technology Parkway</address>
              <city>Sheboygan</city>
              <state>WI</state>
              <postal>53083-6049</postal>
              <country>US</country>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>920-457-3631</cntvoice>
            <cntfax>920-457-0410</cntfax>
            <cntemail>bnelson@aerometric.com</cntemail>
            <hours>Monday - Friday 8:00am to 4:30pm</hours>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>The boresight of each lift was performed individually as the solution may change from lift to lift.  The following steps describe the Raw Data Processing and Boresight process: 1) The analyst processed the raw data set to LAS format flight lines using the final GPS/IMU solution.  This LAS data set was used as a source data for the boresight.  2) The analyst first uses TerraMatch and TerraScan software with the MicroStation Interface to calculate initial boresight adjustment angles based on sample areas.  These sample areas cover the calibration flight lines, cross lines, and production flight lines.  These areas are well distributed in the lift coverage and cover multiple terrain types that will result in a boresight angle calculation.  The boresight angle calculations are computed for heading, pitch, roll, and scale.  3) Once the boresight angle calculations are satisfactory to the analyst, the adjusted settings are applied to all flightlines for that lift.  The analyst will then match the lift to overlapping lifts in a systemic approach until the results meet the product specifications.  4) Once the boresight adjustment is complete for each lift individually, the analyst performs a vertical alignment of all the flightlines in the project.  5)  The LiDAR points are compared to the surveyed ground control points and the dataset is adjusted to remove any bias in the dataset.  This result was compared against the project specified accuracy to make sure it meets the project requirements.
        
LiDAR processing software
TerraSolid TerraScan (version 012.010), TerraModeler (version 012.005 and TerraMatch (version 012.004) with the Intergraph MicroStation Interface (version.08.05.02.70)</procdesc>
        <srcused>Verified LiDAR Data</srcused>
        <procdate>20120504</procdate>
        <srcprod>Boresighted Data</srcprod>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntorgp>
              <cntorg>AeroMetric</cntorg>
              <cntper>Brad Nelson</cntper>
            </cntorgp>
            <cntpos>LiDAR Analyst IV</cntpos>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
              <address>4020 Technology Parkway</address>
              <city>Sheboygan</city>
              <state>WI</state>
              <postal>53083-6049</postal>
              <country>US</country>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>920-457-3631</cntvoice>
            <cntfax>920-457-0410</cntfax>
            <cntemail>bnelson@aerometric.com</cntemail>
            <hours>Monday - Friday 8:00am to 4:30pm</hours>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>The State of Kansas provided the tile scheme based on the US National Grid square which begins at the southwest corner of 5000 meter by 5000 meter tiling.  AeroMetric has developed a unique method for processing LiDAR data to identify and re-class elevation points falling on vegetation, buildings, and other above ground structures into separate layers.  This is created by utilizing the TerraScan software with MicroStation for automatic filtering.  The parameters used are customized for each terrain type to obtain optimal results.  If the filtering was too aggressive and important terrain features were filtered out, the data will be run through a different filter or corrected during the manual editing phase.  Technicians perform manual editing by using 3D visualization software called TerraModeler which provides manual and automatic point classification tools.  Vegetation and other artifacts remaining after the automatic data post-processing were reclassified by manual edit techniques.  Any hard edge of ground features that were automatically filtered out are brought back into ground class by manual editing.  Additional auto-filtering may be used on fenced areas to help with efficiency during this manual edit process.  The technician reviewed the LiDAR points with color shaded TINs for determining any anomalies in the ground class.  All tiles are reviewed by a quality control (QC) process to verify correct classification of points.  The timestamps for all points stored are based on the GPS Weekly time format, so AeroMetric created software to convert the timestamps to GPS Absolute time.  The data collection date and current GPS time stamp are used in calculating Absolute Time.  The LiDAR classified point cloud is packaged into NAD83/HARN, UTM zone 15 North, meters; NAVD88 meters, using the Geiod09 for delivery.  The classified point cloud was delivered in LAS 1.2 format with the following classes: 1 Unclassed, 2 Bare-Earth, 7 Noise, 9 Water, 10 Ignored Ground, 11 Withheld, 17 Overlap - unclassified, 18 Overlap - Bare-Earth, 23 Overlap - noise, 24 Overlap - water, and 25 Overlap - Ignored Ground.
    
    LiDAR processing software
    TerraSolid TerraScan (version 012.010) and TerraModeler (version 012.005 with the Intergraph MicroStation Interface (version.08.05.02.70)</procdesc>
        <srcused>Boresighted Data</srcused>
        <procdate>20120511</procdate>
        <srcprod>Classified LiDAR Point Cloud Data</srcprod>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntorgp>
              <cntorg>AeroMetric</cntorg>
              <cntper>Brad Nelson</cntper>
            </cntorgp>
            <cntpos>LiDAR Analyst IV</cntpos>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
              <address>4020 Technology Parkway</address>
              <city>Sheboygan</city>
              <state>WI</state>
              <postal>53083-6049</postal>
              <country>US</country>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>920-457-3631</cntvoice>
            <cntfax>920-457-0410</cntfax>
            <cntemail>bnelson@aerometric.com</cntemail>
            <hours>Monday - Friday 8:00am to 4:30pm</hours>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>AeroMetric</origin>
            <pubdate>20120801</pubdate>
            <title>Compilation of Breaklines</title>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>computer program</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20120725</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>Breaklines</srccitea>
        <srccontr>AeroMetric has complied breaklines in the LiDAR dataset for hydro-flattening which helps to create Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The project specification requires 3/4 acre lakes and rivers with a nominal width of 50 feet or greater.  The water surface is delineated at or below the immediately surrounding terrain.  AeroMetric uses proprietary software so that water flow is monotonic. The primary function of breaklines is to supplement and constrain the ground surface when modeled as a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN).  Water breaklines that are delineated will continue through bridges and will terminate at culvert locations.  If a culvert or bridge can not accurately be determined, it is assumed to be a culvert.  Breaklines are also used near bridges and other man-made structures so that triangulation is minimized and to represent linear grade breaks.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Breaklines enforce hydro-flattening and are used for point reclassification from ground to water.  The line work is then used as a centerline for point reclassification from ground to ignored ground; ignored ground is used to alleviate triangulation issues into water features.   AeroMetric utilizes the TerraScan software in MicroStation in conjunction with hydro-flattening breaklines to produce bare earth DEMs in a text format.    Aerometric then reviews the DEMs for voids, hydro-flattening completeness, and any other anomalies present.  A proprietary software batch converts the DEMs into an ARCGIS recognized format.  These files are then processed through ARC to create an IMG in NAD83/HARN, UTM zone 15 North, meters; NAVD88 meters, using the Geiod09 for delivery.</procdesc>
        <procdate>20120801</procdate>
        <srcprod>Bare Earth DEM creation</srcprod>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntorgp>
              <cntorg>AeroMetric</cntorg>
              <cntper>Rob Merry</cntper>
            </cntorgp>
            <cntpos>Project Manager</cntpos>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
              <address>4020 Technology Parkway</address>
              <city>Sheboygan</city>
              <state>WI</state>
              <postal>53083-6049</postal>
              <country>US</country>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>920-457-3631</cntvoice>
            <cntfax>920-457-0410</cntfax>
            <cntemail>rmerry@aerometric.com</cntemail>
            <hours>Monday - Friday 8:00am to 4:30pm</hours>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
    <cloud>Unknown</cloud>
  </dataqual>
  <spdoinfo>
    <direct>Point</direct>
  </spdoinfo>
  <spref>
    <horizsys>
      <planar>
        <gridsys>
          <gridsysn>Universal Transverse Mercator</gridsysn>
          <utm>
            <utmzone>15N</utmzone>
            <transmer>
              <sfctrmer>0.9996</sfctrmer>
              <longcm>-93.00</longcm>
              <latprjo>0</latprjo>
              <feast>500000</feast>
              <fnorth>0</fnorth>
            </transmer>
          </utm>
        </gridsys>
        <planci>
          <plance>coordinate pair</plance>
          <coordrep>
            <absres>0.01</absres>
            <ordres>0.01</ordres>
          </coordrep>
          <plandu>meters</plandu>
        </planci>
      </planar>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>North American Datum of 1983</horizdn>
        <ellips>Geodetic Reference System 80</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137.000000</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.25722210088</denflat>
      </geodetic>
    </horizsys>
    <vertdef>
      <altsys>
        <altdatum>North American Vertical Datum of 1988 HARN</altdatum>
        <altres>0.01</altres>
        <altunits>meters</altunits>
        <altenc>Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates</altenc>
      </altsys>
    </vertdef>
  </spref>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20130122</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>AeroMetric</cntorg>
          <cntper>Rob Merry</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntpos>Project Manager</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>Mailing and physical address</addrtype>
          <address>4020 Technology Parkway</address>
          <city>Sheboygan</city>
          <state>WI</state>
          <postal>53083</postal>
          <country>US</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-920-457-3631</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>1-920-457-0410</cntfax>
        <cntemail>rmerry@aerometric.com</cntemail>
        <hours>Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM (Central Time)</hours>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>

