# NLCD2011 USFS Percent Tree Canopy (Cartographic Version)

Metadata also available as

# Metadata:

- Identification_Information
- Data_Quality_Information
- Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
- Spatial_Reference_Information
- Entity_and_Attribute_Information
- Distribution_Information
- Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Publication_Date: 20140331
      Title: NLCD2011 USFS Percent Tree Canopy (Cartographic Version)
      Edition: 1.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: none
        Issue_Identification: none
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: USGS/EROS, 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD, 57198-0001, US
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Other_Citation_Details:

        References:

        Benton et al., (In Preparation). A strategy for estimating tree canopy cover using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images over large areas.

        Brand, Gary J.; Nelson, Mark D.; Wendt, Daniel G.; Nimerfro, Kevin K. 2000. The hexagon/panel system for selecting FIA plots under an annual inventory. In: McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C., eds. Proceedings of the First Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium; Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-213. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station: 8-13.

        Breiman, L. 2001. Random forests. Machine Learning 45:15–32.

        Chander, G.; Markham, B.L.; Helder, D.L. 2009. Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors. Remote Sensing of Environment 113(2009): 893-903.

        Chavez, P.S. 1988. An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data. Remote Sensing of Environment 24(1988): 459-479.

        Coulston, John W.; Jacobs, Dennis M.; King, Chris R.; Elmore, Ivey C. 2013. The influence of multi-season imagery on models of canopy cover: a case study. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 79(5):469–477.

        Coulston, John W.; Moisen, Gretchen G.; Wilson, Barry T.; Finco, Mark V.; Cohen, Warren B.; Brewer, C. Kenneth. 2012. Modeling percent tree canopy cover: a pilot study. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 78(7): 715–727.

        Cutler, R.D.; Edwards, T.C.; Beard, K.H.; Cutler, A.; Hess, K.T.; Gibson, J.; Lawler, J.J. 2007. Random forest for classification in ecology. Ecology 88 (11):2783-2792.

        Huang, C.; Yang, L.; Wylie, B.; Homer, C. 2001. A strategy for estimating tree canopy density using Landsat 7 ETM+ and high resolution images over large areas. In: Third International Conference on Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry; November 5-7, 2001; Denver, Colorado. CD-ROM, 1 disk.

        Moisen, Gretchen G.; Coulston, John W.; Wilson, Barry T.; Cohen, Warren B.; Finco, Mark V.
        2012. Choosing appropriate subpopulations for modeling tree canopy cover nationwide. In: McWilliams, Will; Roesch, Francis A., eds. 2012. Monitoring Across Borders: 2010 Joint Meeting of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Symposium and the Southern Mensurationists. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-157. Asheville, NC: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 195-200.

        Tipton, John; Moisen, Gretchen; Patterson, Paul; Jackson, Thomas A.; Coulston, John. 2012. Sampling intensity and normalizations: Exploring cost-driving factors in nationwide mapping of tree canopy cover. In: McWilliams, Will; Roesch, Francis A., eds. 2012. Monitoring Across Borders: 2010 Joint Meeting of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Symposium and the Southern Mensurationists. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-157. Asheville, NC: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 201-208.

        Zhu, Z.; Woodcock, C.E. 2012. Object-based cloud and cloud shadow detection in Landsat imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment. 118(2012): 83-94.

      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Publication_Date: 20140101
          Title: NLCD 2011
          Edition: 4.0
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: none
            Issue_Identification: none
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
          Other_Citation_Details:

            References:

            Fry, J.; Xian, G.; Jin, S.; Dewitz, J.; Homer, C.; Yang, L.; Barnes, C.; Herold, N.; Wickham, J. 2011. Completion of the 2006 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 77(9):858-864.

            Homer, C.; Gallant, A. 2001. Partitioning the conterminous United States into mapping zones for Landsat TM land cover mapping, USGS Draft White Paper. http://landcover.usgs.gov/pdf/homer.pdf

            Homer, C.; Huang, C.; Yang, L.; Wylie, W.; Coan, M. 2004. Development of a 2001 National Land-Cover Database for the United States. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 70(7): 829-840.

          Online_Linkage: <http://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd2006.php>
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The National Land Cover Database 2011 (NLCD2011) USFS percent tree canopy product was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium (www.mrlc.gov). The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies, consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, NASA, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. One of the primary goals of the project was to generate current, consistent, and seamless national land cover, percent tree canopy, and percent impervious cover at medium spatial resolution. This product is the cartographic version of the NLCD2011 percent tree canopy cover dataset for CONUS at medium spatial resolution (30 m). It was produced by the USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC). Tree canopy values range from 0 to 100 percent. The analytic tree canopy layer was produced using a Random Forests™ regression algorithm. The cartographic product is a filtered version of the regression algorithm output.
    Purpose:
      The goal of this project is to provide the Nation with complete, current and consistent public domain information on its tree canopy cover.
    Supplemental_Information:
      Corner Coordinates (center of pixel, meters): upper left: -2362845 (X), 3180555(Y); lower right: 2266440 (X), 251175 (Y).
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 20070101
        Ending_Date: 20110101
    Currentness_Reference: Ground condition
  Status:
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -130.232828
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -63.672192
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 52.877264
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.742308
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Digital Spatial Data
      Theme_Keyword: U.S. Forest Service
      Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing
      Theme_Keyword: Percent Tree Canopy
      Theme_Keyword: Continuous
      Theme_Keyword: GIS
      Theme_Keyword: Tree Canopy Cover
      Theme_Keyword: USFS
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Category
      Theme_Keyword: Earth Covers
      Theme_Keyword: Imagery
      Theme_Keyword: Base Map
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and their principal administrative divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard 10-4: Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology
      Place_Keyword: U.S.A.
      Place_Keyword: United States of America
      Place_Keyword: US
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: USA
      Place_Keyword: U.S.
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints:
    Any hardcopy or electronic products utilizing these datasets will clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent these data sets, nor to imply that the MRLC approved the changes. Any data downloaded must be properly cited.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: USGS/EROS
        Address: 47914 252nd Street
        City: Sioux Falls
        State_or_Province: SD
        Postal_Code: 57198-0001
        Country: US
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605/594-6151
      Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605/594-6589
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
      Contact_Instructions:
        The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site. For questions regarding data content and quality, refer to: <http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp> or email: mrlc@usgs.gov
  Data_Set_Credit: USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center
  Security_Information:
    Security_Classification_System: none
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Security_Handling_Description: n/a
  Native_Data_Set_Environment:
    Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcGIS 10.0.5.4400

Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
      No formal independent accuracy assessment of this product has been made. The Random Forests™ regression algorithm (Breiman 2001; Cutler et al. 2007) employed in creating this product calculates the mean of squared residuals along with percent variability explained by the model for assessing prediction reliability. The Random Forests™ models consisted of 500 decision trees, which were used to determine the final response value. The response of each tree depended on a randomly chosen subset of predictor variables chosen independently (with replacement) for evaluation by that tree. The responses of the trees were averaged to obtain an estimate of the dependent variable. The standard error is the square root of the variance of the estimates given by all trees. A summary of the Random Forests™ models is available in the supplemental metadata associated with the analytic version of this product.
  Completeness_Report:
    This product is the cartographic version of the NLCD2011 USFS percent tree canopy product, version 1, dated 2014.
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC)
          Publication_Date: 20110101
          Title: NLCD 2006 Land Cover
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Type_of_Source_Media: None
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NLCD06LC
      Source_Contribution: land cover information
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center
          Publication_Date: 20140331
          Title: NLCD 2011 USFS Percent Tree Canopy
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Type_of_Source_Media: None
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NLCD2011TC
      Source_Contribution: percent tree canopy cover
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Creation of NLCD2011 USFS Percent Tree Canopy, cartographic version. The cartographic version of the percent tree canopy product is a filtered version of the corresponding analytic product, in which values less than a calculated uncertainty have been set to zero. In essence, the filtering process reduces errors of commission by eliminating values that are not significantly different from zero. A threshold value was determined for each of 68 geographic zones using data from 500 runs of the Random Forest™ algorithm on bootstrap samples. From these data, t-statistics were calculated. For each zone, the t-statistic at the 95th interval was selected as the threshold value. Threshold values ranged from 0.5 to 1.6. To create the cartographic layer, the product of the t-statistic threshold value and the standard error from the analytic layer was compared to the analytic percent tree canopy value. If the threshold-error product was greater than the percent tree canopy, the tree canopy value for that pixel was set to zero in the cartographic layer; otherwise, the percent tree canopy from the analytic layer was used.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NLCD2006 LC, NLCD2011 TC
      Process_Date: 20140101

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
    Row_Count: 104424
    Column_Count: 161190

Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Map_Projection:
        Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
        Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
          Standard_Parallel: 29.5
          Standard_Parallel: 45.5
          Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96.0
          Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.0
          False_Easting: 0.0
          False_Northing: 0.0
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0000000037527980722984474
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0000000037527980722984474
        Planar_Distance_Units:
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: nlcd2011_usfs_treecanopy_cartographic_3-31-2014.img.vat
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: OID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain:
          Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Value
      Attribute_Definition: Percent tree canopy cover
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Count

Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: USGS/EROS
        Address: 47914 252nd Street
        City: Sioux Falls
        State_or_Province: SD
        Postal_Code: 57198-0001
        Country: US
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6151
      Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605-594-6589
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
      Contact_Instructions:
        The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site. For questions regarding data content and quality, refer to: <http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp> or email: mrlc@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: Downloadable data
  Distribution_Liability: See access and use constraints information.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20140326
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: USGS/EROS
        Address: 47914 252nd Street
        City: Sioux Falls
        State_or_Province: SD
        Postal_Code: 57198-0001
        Country: US
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605/594-6151
      Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605/594-6589
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
      Contact_Instructions:
        The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site. For questions regarding data content and quality, refer to: <http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp> or email: mrlc@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

Generated by `mp` version 2.9.6 on Wed Mar 26 13:51:57 2014